rén zhī chū , xìnɡ běn shàn 。
人 之 初 , 性 本 善 。
At birth, men are good in nature.
xìnɡ xiānɡ jìn , xí xiānɡ yuǎn 。
性 相 近 , 习 相 远 。
Though their natures are much the same; their habits become widely different.
ɡǒu bù jiāo , xìnɡ nǎi qiān 。
苟 不 教 , 性 乃 迁 。
If there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate.
jiāo zhī dào , ɡuì yǐ zhuān 。
教 之 道 , 贵 以 专 。
The right way in teaching, is to give the utmost importance to thoroughness.
xī mènɡ mǔ , zé lín chù 。
昔 孟 母 , 择 邻 处 。
Long ago, the mother of Mencius chose a neighborhood;
zǐ bù xué , duàn jī zhù 。
子 不 学 , 断 机 杼 。
and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom.
dòu yàn shān , yǒu yì fānɡ 。
窦 燕 山 , 有 义 方 。
Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method.
jiāo wǔ zǐ , mínɡ jù yánɡ 。
教 五 子 , 名 俱 扬 。
He taught five sons, each of them raised the family reputation.
yǎnɡ bù jiāo , fù zhī ɡuò 。
养 不 教 , 父 之 过 。
To give birth without teaching is the father's fault.
jiāo bù yán , shī zhī duò 。
教 不 严 , 师 之 惰 。
To teach without severity is the teacher's laziness.
zǐ bù xué , fēi suǒ yí 。
子 不 学 , 非 所 宜 。
If the child does not learn, this is not the way it should be.
yòu bù xué , lǎo hé wéi 。
幼 不 学 , 老 何 为 。
If he does not learn while young, what will he be doing when old?
yù bù zhuó , bù chénɡ qì 。
玉 不 琢 , 不 成 器 。
If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use.
rén bù xué , bù zhī yì 。
人 不 学 , 不 知 义 。
If a man does not learn, he cannot know his duty towards his neighbor.
wéi rén zǐ , fānɡ shǎo shí 。
为 人 子 , 方 少 时 。
He who is the son of a man, when he is young
qīn shī yǒu , xí lǐ yí 。
亲 师 友 , 习 礼 仪 。
should attach himself to his teachers and friends, and practice good manner.
xiānɡ jiǔ línɡ , nénɡ wēn xí 。
香 九 龄 , 能 温 席 。
Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm (his parents') bed.
xiào yú qīn , suǒ dānɡ zhí 。
孝 于 亲 , 所 当 执 。
Filial piety towards parents, is that to which we should hold fast.
rónɡ sì suì , nénɡ rànɡ lí 。
融 四 岁 , 能 让 梨 。
Jung, at four years of age, could yield from the (bigger) pears.
dì yú chánɡ , yí xiān zhī 。
弟 于 长 , 宜 先 知 。
To behave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.
shǒu xiào dì , cì jiàn wén 。
首 孝 弟 , 次 见 闻 。
Begin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear .
zhī mǒu shù , shí mǒu wén 。
知 某 数 , 识 某 文 。
Learn to count, and learn to read.
yì ér shí , shí ér bǎi 。
一 而 十 , 十 而 百 。
Start from one and then tens, from tens and then hundreds,
bǎi ér qiān , qiān ér wàn 。
百 而 千 , 千 而 万 。
hundreds and then thousands, thousands and then tens of thousands.
sān cái zhě , tiān dì rén 。
三 才 者 , 天 地 人 。
The Three Forces are Heaven, Earth, and Man.
sān ɡuānɡ zhě , rì yuè xīnɡ 。
三 光 者 , 日 月 星 。
The Three Luminaries are the sun, the moon and the stars.
sān ɡānɡ zhě , jūn chén yì 。
三 纲 者 , 君 臣 义 。
The Three Bonds are (1) the obligation between sovereign and subject,
fù zǐ qīn , fū fù shùn 。
父 子 亲 , 夫 妇 顺 。
(2) the love between father and child, (3) the harmony between husband and wife.
yuē chūn xià , yuē qiū dōnɡ 。
曰 春 夏 , 曰 秋 冬 。
We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter.
cǐ sì shí , yùn bù qiónɡ 。
此 四 时 , 运 不 穷 。
These four seasons revolve endlessly.
yuē nán běi , yuē xī dōnɡ 。
曰 南 北 , 曰 西 东 。
We speak of north and south, we speak of east and west.
cǐ sì fānɡ , yīnɡ hū zhōnɡ 。
此 四 方 , 应 乎 中 。
These four points respond to the requirements of the center.
yuē shuí huǒ , mù jīn tǔ 。
曰 水 火 , 木 金 土 。
We speak of water, fire, wood, metal and earth.
cǐ wǔ xínɡ , běn hū shù 。
此 五 行 , 本 乎 数 。
These five elements have their origin in number.
yuē rén yì , lǐ zhì xìn 。
曰 仁 义 , 礼 智 信 。
We speak of charity of heart and of duty towards one's neighbor, of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth.
cǐ wǔ chánɡ , bù rónɡ wěn 。
此 五 常 , 不 容 紊 。
These five virtues admit of no compromise.
dào liánɡ shū , mài shǔ jì 。
稻 粱 菽 , 麦 黍 稷 。
Rice, spiked millet, pulse, wheat, glutinous millet and common millet.
cǐ liù ɡǔ , rén suǒ shí 。
此 六 谷 , 人 所 食 。
These six grains are those which men eat.
mǎ niú yánɡ , jī quǎn shǐ 。
马 牛 羊 , 鸡 犬 豕 。
The horse, the ox, the sheep, the fowl, the dog, the pig.
cǐ liù chù , rén suǒ sì 。
此 六 畜 , 人 所 饲 。
These six animals are those which men keep.
wéi niú quǎn , ɡōnɡ zuì zhù 。
惟 牛 犬 , 功 最 著 。
Especially of the ox and dog is the merit most conspicuous;
nénɡ ɡēnɡ tián , nénɡ shǒu hù 。
能 耕 田 , 能 守 户 。
one can plough the fields, the other can guard the house.
mèi tiān liánɡ , tú shì sì 。
昧 天 良 , 屠 市 肆 。
It is to obscure your natural goodness of disposition, to kill them and expose them for sale.
jiè wù shí , miǎn zuì chù 。
戒 物 食 , 免 罪 处 。
Beware of eating them, and so avoid being punished.
yuē xǐ nù , yuē āi jù 。
曰 喜 怒 , 曰 哀 惧 。
We speak of joy and anger, we speak of sadness and fear,
ài è yù , qī qínɡ jù 。
爱 恶 欲 , 七 情 具 。
of love, of hate, and of desire. There are seven emotions.
páo tǔ ɡé , mù shí jīn 。
匏 土 革 , 木 石 金 。
The gourd, earthenware, skin, wood, stone, metal,
yǔ sī zhú , nǎi bā yīn 。
与 丝 竹 , 乃 八 音 。
silk, and bamboo, yield the eight musical sounds.
ɡāo zēnɡ zǔ ,fù ér shēn 。
高 曾 祖 , 父 而 身 。
Great great grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather, father and oneself,
shēn ér zǐ , zǐ ér sūn 。
身 而 子 , 子 而 孙 。
self to son, and son to grandson,
zì zǐ sūn , zhì yuán cénɡ 。
自 子 孙 , 至 元 曾 。
from son and grandson, on to great grandson and great great grandson.
nǎi jiǔ zú , ér zhī lún 。
乃 九 族 , 而 之 伦 。
These are the nine agnates, constituting the kinships of man.
fù zǐ ēn , fū fù cónɡ 。
父 子 恩 , 夫 妇 从 。
Affection between father and child, harmony between husband and wife,
xiōnɡ zé yǒu ,dì zé ɡōnɡ 。
兄 则 友 , 弟 则 恭 。
friendliness on the part of elder brothers, respectfulness on the part of younger brothers,
zhǎnɡ yòu xù ,yǒu yǔ pénɡ 。
长 幼 序 , 友 与 朋 。
precedence between elders and youngers, as between friend and friend,
jūn zé jìnɡ , chén zé zhōnɡ 。
君 则 敬 , 臣 则 忠 。
respect on the part of the sovereign, loyalty on the part of the subject.
cǐ shí yì , rén suǒ tónɡ 。
此 十 义 , 人 所 同 。
These ten obligations are common to all men.
fán xùn ménɡ ,xū jiǎnɡ jiū 。
凡 训 蒙 , 须 讲 究 。
In the education of the young, there should be explanation and elucidation,
xiánɡ xùn ɡǔ ,mínɡ jù dòu 。
详 训 诂 , 名 句 读 。
careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators, and due attention to paragraphs and sentences.
wéi xué zhě , bì yǒu chū 。
为 学 者 , 必 有 初 。
Those who are learners must have a beginning.
xiǎo xué zhōnɡ , zhì sì shū 。
小 学 终 , 至 四 书 。
By the end of primary school, they proceed to the "Four Books".
lún yǔ zhě , èr shí piān 。
论 语 者 , 二 十 篇 。
There is the Lun Yü , in twenty sections.
qún dì zǐ , jì shàn yán 。
群 弟 子 , 记 善 言 。
In this, all students have memorized the wise sayings of Confucius.
mènɡ zǐ zhě ,qī piān zhǐ 。
孟 子 者 , 七 篇 止 。
The works of Mencius are comprised in seven sections.
jiǎnɡ dào dé , shuō rén yì 。
讲 道 德 , 说 仁 义 。
These explain the WAY and the exemplification thereof, and expound charity and duty towards one's neighbour.
zuò zhōnɡ yōnɡ , zǐ sī bǐ 。
作 中 庸 , 子 思 笔 。
The "Chung Yung" was written by the pen of Tzu-Ssu;
zhōnɡ bù piān ,yōnɡ bú yì 。
中 不 偏 , 庸 不 易 。
"Chung" (the middle) being that which does not lean towards any side, "Yung" (the course) being that which cannot be changed.
zuò dà xué , nǎi cénɡ zǐ 。
作 大 学 , 乃 曾 子 。
He who wrote "The Great Learning" was the philosopher Tsêng.
zì xiū qí , zhì pínɡ zhì 。
自 修 齐 , 至 平 治 。
Beginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of the family, it goes on to government of one's own State and tranquillisation of the Empire.
xiào jīnɡ tōnɡ , sì shū shú 。
孝 经 通 , 四 书 熟 。
When the "Classic of Filial Piety" is mastered, and the "Four Books" are known by heart.
rú liù jīnɡ , shǐ kě dú 。
如 六 经 , 始 可 读 。
The next step is to the "Six Classics", which may now be studied.
shī shū yì , lǐ chūn qiū 。
诗 书 易 , 礼 春 秋 。
The "Books of Poetry", of "History" and of "Changes", the "Rites of the Chou Dynasty", the "Book of Rites", and the "Spring and Autumn Annals",
hào liù jīnɡ , dānɡ jiǎnɡ qiú 。
号 六 经 , 当 讲 求 。
So called the Six Classics, which should be carefully explained and analysed.
yǒu lián shān , yǒu ɡuī cánɡ 。
有 连 山 , 有 归 藏 。
There is the "Lien shan" system, there is the "Kuei tsang",
yǒu zhōu yì , sān yì xiánɡ 。
有 周 易 , 三 易 详 。
and there is the system of Changes of the Chou Dynasty; such are the three systems which elucidate the Changes.
yǒu diǎn mó , yǒu xùn ɡào 。
有 典 谟 , 有 训 诰 。
There are the Regulations, the Counsels, the Instructions, the Announcements,
yǒu shì mìnɡ , shū zhī ào 。
有 誓 命 , 书 之 奥 。
the Oaths, the Charges; these are the profundities of the Book of History.
wǒ zhōu ɡōnɡ ,zuò zhōu lǐ 。
我 周 公 , 作 周 礼 。
Our Duke of Chou drew up the Ritual of the Chou Dynasty,
zhù liù ɡuān , cún zhì tǐ 。
著 六 官 , 存 治 体 。
in which he set forth the duties of the six classes of officials, and thus gave a settled form to the government.
dà xiǎo dài , zhù lǐ jì 。
大 小 戴 , 注 礼 记 。
The Elder and the Younger Tai wrote commentaries on the Book of Rites.
shù shènɡ yán , lǐ lè bèi 。
述 圣 言 , 礼 乐 备 。
They published the holy words, and Ceremonies and Music were set in order.
yuē ɡuó fēnɡ , yuē yǎ sònɡ 。
曰 国 风 , 曰 雅 颂 。
We speak of the "Kuo feng", we speak of the "Ya" and of the "Sung".
hào sì shī , dānɡ fěnɡ yǒnɡ 。
号 四 诗 , 当 讽 咏 。
These are the four sections of the Book of Poetry, which should be hummed over and over.
shī jì wánɡ , chūn qiū zuò 。
诗 既 亡 , 春 秋 作 。
When odes ceased to be made, the "Spring and Autumn Annals" were produced.
yù bāo biǎn , bié shàn è 。
寓 褒 贬 , 别 善 恶 。
It contains praise and blame, and distinguishes the good from the bad.
sān chuán zhě , yǒu ɡōnɡ yánɡ 。
三 传 者 , 有 公 羊 。
The three commentaries upon the above, include that of Kung-Yang,
yǒu zuǒ shì , yǒu ɡòu liánɡ 。
有 左 氏 , 有 彀 梁 。
that of Tso, and that of Ku-Liang.
jīnɡ jì mínɡ , fānɡ dú zǐ 。
经 既 明 , 方 读 子 。
When the classics are understood, then the writings of the various philosophers should be read.
cuō qí yào , jì qí shì 。
撮 其 要 , 记 其 事 。
Pick out the important points in each, and take a note of all facts.
wǔ zǐ zhě , yǒu xún yánɡ 。
五 子 者 , 有 荀 杨 。
The five chief philosophers are Hsün, Yang,
wén zhōnɡ zǐ , jí lǎo zhuānɡ 。
文 中 子 , 及 老 庄 。
Wên Chung Tzu, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu.
jīnɡ zǐ tōnɡ , dú zhū shǐ 。
经 子 通 , 读 诸 史 。
When the Classics and the Philosophers are mastered, the various histories should then be read,
kǎo shì xì , zhī zhōnɡ shǐ 。
考 世 系 , 知 终 始 。
and the genealogical connections should be examined, so that the end of one dynasty and the beginning of the next may be known.
zì xī nónɡ , zhì huánɡ dì 。
自 羲 农 , 至 黄 帝 。
From Fu Hsi and Shên Nung on to the Yellow Emperor, --
hào sān huánɡ ,jū shànɡ shì 。
号 三 皇 , 居 上 世 。
these are called the Three Rulers, who lived in the early ages.
tánɡ yǒu yú , hào èr dì 。
唐 有 虞 , 号 二 帝 。
T'ang and Yu-Y ü are called the Two Emperors.
xiānɡ yī xùn , chēnɡ shènɡ shì 。
相 揖 逊 , 称 盛 世 。
They abdicated, one after the other, and theirs was called the Golden Age.
xià yǒu yǔ , shānɡ yǒu tānɡ 。
夏 有 禹 , 商 有 汤 。
The Hsia dynasty had Y ü ; and the Shang dynasty had T'ang;
zhōu wén wǔ , chēnɡ sān wánɡ 。
周 文 武 , 称 三 王 。
the Chou dynasty had W ê n and Wu;-- these are called the Three Kings.
xià chuán zǐ , jiā tiān xià 。
夏 传 子 , 家 天 下 。
Under the Hsia dynasty the throne was transmitted from father to son, making a family possession of the empire.
sì bǎi zǎi , qiān xià shè 。
四 百 载 , 迁 夏 社 。
After four hundred years, the Imperial sacrifice passed from the House of Hsia.
tānɡ fá xià , ɡuó hào shānɡ 。
汤 伐 夏 , 国 号 商 。
T'ang the completer destroyed the Hsia Dynasty and the dynastic title became Shang.
liù bǎi zǎi , zhì zhòu wánɡ 。
六 百 载 , 至 纣 亡 。
The line lasted for six hundred years, ending with Chou Hsin.
zhōu wǔ wánɡ , shǐ zhū zhòu 。
周 武 王 , 始 诛 纣 。
King Wu of the Chou Dynasty finally slew Chou Hsin.
bā bǎi zǎi , zuì chánɡ jiǔ 。
八 百 载 , 最 长 久 。
His own line lasted for eight hundred years; -- the longest dynasty of all.
zhōu zhé dōnɡ , wánɡ ɡānɡ duò 。
周 辙 东 , 王 纲 堕 。
When the Chous made tracks eastwards, the feudal bond was slackened;
chěnɡ ɡān ɡē , shànɡ yóu shuì 。
逞 干 戈 , 尚 游 说 。
the arbitrament of spear and shields prevailed; and peripatetic politicians were held in high esteem.
shǐ chūn qiū , zhōnɡ zhàn ɡuó 。
始 春 秋 , 终 战 国 。
This period began with the Spring and Autumn Epoch, and ended with that of the Warring States.
wǔ bà qiánɡ , qī xiónɡ chū 。
五 霸 强 , 七 雄 出 。
Next, the Five Chieftains domineered, and the Seven Martial States came to the front.
yínɡ qín shì , shǐ jiān bìnɡ 。
嬴 秦 氏 , 始 兼 并 。
Then the House of Ch'in, descended from the Ying clan, finally united all the States under one sway.
chuán èr shì , chǔ hàn zhēnɡ 。
传 二 世 , 楚 汉 争 。
The throne was transmitted to Erh Shih, upon which followed the struggle between the Ch'u and the Han States.
ɡāo zǔ xìnɡ , hàn yè jiàn 。
高 祖 兴 , 汉 业 建 。
Then Kao Tsu arose, and the House of Han was established.
高 祖 兴 , 汉 业 建 。
Then Kao Tsu arose, and the House of Han was established.
zhì xiào pínɡ , wánɡ mǎnɡ cuàn 。
至 孝 平 , 王 莽 篡 。
When we come to the reign of Hsiao P'ing, Wang Mang usurped the throne.
ɡuānɡ wǔ xìnɡ , wéi dōnɡ hàn 。
光 武 兴 , 为 东 汉 。
Then Kuang Wu arose, and founded the Eastern Han Dynasty.
sì bǎi nián , zhōnɡ yú xiàn 。
四 百 年 , 终 于 献 。
It lasted four hundred years, and ended with the Emperor Hsien.
wèi shǔ wú , zhēnɡ hàn dǐnɡ 。
魏 蜀 吴 , 争 汉 鼎 。
Wei, Shu, and Wu, fought for the sovereignty of the Hans.
hào sān ɡuó , qì liǎnɡ jìn 。
号 三 国 , 迄 两 晋 。
They were called the Three Kingdoms, and existed until the Two Chin Dynasties.
sònɡ qí jì , liánɡ chén chénɡ 。
宋 齐 继 , 梁 陈 承 。
Then followed the Sung and the Ch'i dynasties, and after them the Liang and Ch' ê n dynasties
wéi nán cháo , dōu jīn línɡ 。
为 南 朝 , 都 金 陵 。
These are the southern dynasties, with their capital at Nanking.
běi yuán wèi , fēn dōnɡ xi 。
北 元 魏 , 分 东 西 。
The northern dynasties are the Wei dynasty of the Yü an family, which split into Eastern and Western Wei,
yǔ wén zhōu , xìnɡ ɡāo qí 。
宇 文 周 , 兴 高 齐 。
the Chou dynasty of the Y ü -wen family, with the Ch'i dynasty of the Kao family.
dài zhì suí , yì tǔ yǔ 。
迨 至 隋 , 一 土 宇 。
At length, under the Sui dynasty, the empire was united under one ruler.
bú zài chuán , shī tǒnɡ xù 。
不 再 传 , 失 统 绪 。
The throne was not transmitted twice, succession to power being lost.
tánɡ ɡāo zǔ , qǐ yì shī 。
唐 高 祖 , 起 义 师 。
The first Emperor of the T'ang dynasty raised volunteer troops.
chú suí luàn , chuànɡ ɡuó jī 。
除 隋 乱 , 创 国 基 。
He put an end to the disorder of the House of Sui, and established the foundations of his line.
èr shí chuán , sān bǎi zǎi 。
二 十 传 , 三 百 载 。
Twenty times the throne was transmitted in a period of three hundred years.
liánɡ miè zhī , ɡuó nǎi ɡǎi 。
梁 灭 之 , 国 乃 改 。
The Liang State destroyed it, and the dynastic title was changed.
liánɡ tánɡ jìn , jí hàn zhōu 。
梁 唐 晋 , 及 汉 周 。
The Liang, the T'ang, the Chin, the Han, and the Chou,
chēnɡ wǔ dài , jiē yǒu yóu 。
称 五 代 , 皆 有 由 。
are called the Five Dynasties, and there was a reason for the establishment of each.
yán sònɡ xìnɡ , shòu zhōu chán 。
炎 宋 兴 , 受 周 禅 。
Then the fire-led House of Sung arose, and received the resignation of the house of Chou.
shí bā chuán , nán běi hún 。
十 八 传 , 南 北 混 。
Eighteen times the throne was transmitted, and then the north and the south were reunited.
liáo yǔ jīn , dì hào fēn 。
辽 与 金 , 帝 号 纷 。
Under the Liao and the Chin dynasties, there was confusion of Imperial titles;
dǎi miè liáo , sònɡ yóu cún 。
逮 灭 辽 , 宋 犹 存 。
when the Liao dynasty was destroyed, the Sung dynasty still remained.
zhì yuán xìnɡ , jīn xù xiē 。
至 元 兴 , 金 绪 歇 。
When the Y ü an dynasty arose, the line of the Chin Tartars came to an end,
yǒu sònɡ shì , yì tónɡ miè 。
有 宋 世 , 一 同 灭 。
and the House of Sung was destroyed together with it.
bìnɡ zhōnɡ ɡuó , jiān rónɡ zhái 。
并 中 国 , 兼 戎 翟 。
It united the Middle Kingdom, and attached to the empire the tribes of the north and west.
mínɡ tài zǔ , jiǔ qīn shī 。
明 太 祖 , 久 亲 师 。
The founder of the Ming dynasty was for a long time engaged in warfare.
chuán jiàn wén , fānɡ sì sì 。
传 建 文 , 方 四 祀 。
He transmitted the throne to Chien W ê n only four years,
qiān běi jīnɡ , yǒnɡ lè sì 。
迁 北 京 , 永 乐 嗣 。
when the capital was transferred to Peking, and Yung Lo succeeded the latter.
dǎi chónɡ zhēn , méi shān shì 。
逮 崇 祯 , 煤 山 逝 。
At length Ch'ung Ch ê ng died on the Coal Hill.
liáo yú jīn , jiē chēnɡ dì 。
辽 于 金 , 皆 称 帝 。
The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars all took the Imperial title.
yuán miè jīn , jué sònɡ shì 。
元 灭 金 , 绝 宋 世 。
The Y ü ans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars, and put an end to the House of Sung.
lì zhōnɡ ɡuó , jiān rónɡ zhái 。
莅 中 国 , 兼 戎 翟 。
They governed the Middle Kingdom, and also the wild tribes of the north and west;
jiǔ shí nián , ɡuó zuò fèi 。
九 十 年 , 国 祚 废 。
after ninety years their mandate was exhausted.
tài zǔ xìnɡ , ɡuó dà mínɡ 。
太 祖 兴 , 国 大 明 。
Then T'ai Tsu arose, his dynasty being known as Ta Ming.
hào hónɡ wǔ , dōu jīn línɡ 。
号 洪 武 , 都 金 陵 。
He took as his year-title Hung Wu, and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking).
dǎi chénɡ zǔ , qiān yàn jīnɡ 。
逮 成 祖 , 迁 燕 京 。
At length, under the Emperor Ch' ê ng Tsu, a move was made to Swallow City (Peking).
shí qí shì , zhì chónɡ zhēn 。
十 七 世 , 至 崇 祯 。
There were seventeen reigns in all, down to and including Ch'ung Ch ê ng.
quán yǎn sì , kòu rú lín 。
权 奄 肆 , 寇 如 林 。
The hold on the people was relaxed, and rebels sprang up thick as forests.
zhì lǐ chuǎnɡ , shén qì zhōnɡ 。
至 李 闯 , 神 器 终 。
Then came Li Ch'uang, and the Imperial regalia were destroyed.
qīnɡ tài zǔ , yìnɡ jǐnɡ mìnɡ 。
清 太 祖 , 应 景 命 。
The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty responded to the glorious summons;
jìnɡ sì fānɡ , kè dà dìnɡ 。
靖 四 方 , 克 大 定 。
he tranquillised the four quarters (N.S.E. and W.), and achieved the final settlement of the empire.
niàn èr shǐ , quán zài zī 。
廿 二 史 , 全 在 兹 。
The Twenty-two Dynastic Histories are all embraced in the above.
zǎi zhì luàn , zhī xīnɡ shuāi 。
载 治 乱 , 知 兴 衰 。
They contain examples of good and bad government, whence may be learnt the principles of prosperity and decay.
dú shǐ shū , kǎo shí lù 。
读 史 书 , 考 实 录 。
Ye who read history must study the State Annals,
tōnɡ ɡǔ jīn , ruò qīn mù 。
通 古 今 , 若 亲 目 。
whereby you will understand ancient and modern events, as though having seen them with your own eyes.
kǒu ér sònɡ , xīn ér wéi 。
口 而 诵 , 心 而 惟 。
Recite them with the mouth, and ponder over them in your hearts.
cháo yú sī , xī yú sī 。
朝 于 斯 , 夕 于 斯 。
Do this in the morning; do this in the evening.
xī zhònɡ ní , shī xiànɡ tuó 。
昔 仲 尼 , 师 项 橐 。
Of old, Confucius took Hsiang T'o for his teacher.
ɡǔ shènɡ xián , shànɡ qín xué 。
古 圣 贤 , 尚 勤 学 。
The inspired men and sages of old studied diligently nevertheless.
zhào zhōnɡ lìnɡ , dú lǔ lùn 。
赵 中 令 , 读 鲁 论 。
Chao, President of the Council, studied the Lu text of the "Lun Y ü ".
bǐ jì shì , xué qiě qín 。
彼 既 仕 , 学 且 勤 。
He, when already an official, studied, and moreover with diligence.
pī pú biān , xuē zhú jiǎn 。
披 蒲 编 , 削 竹 简 。
One opened out rushes and plaited them together; another scraped tablets of bamboo.
bǐ wú shū , qiě zhī miǎn 。
彼 无 书 , 且 知 勉 。
These men had no books, but they knew how to make an effort.
tóu xuán liánɡ , zhuī cì ɡǔ 。
头 悬 梁 , 锥 刺 股 。
One tied his head to the beam above him; another pricked his thigh with an awl.
bǐ bù jiāo , zì qín kǔ 。
彼 不 教 , 自 勤 苦 。
They were not taught, but toiled hard of their own accord.
rú nánɡ yínɡ , rú yìnɡ xuě 。
如 囊 萤 , 如 映 雪 。
Then we have one who put fireflies in a bag, and again another who used the white glare from snow.
jiā suī pín , xué bú zhuì 。
家 虽 贫 , 学 不 缀 。
Although their families were poor, these men studied unceasingly.
rú fù xīn , rú ɡuà jiǎo 。
如 负 薪 , 如 挂 角 。
Again, there was one who carried fuel, and another who used horns as pegs.
shēn suī láo , yóu kǔ zhuó 。
身 虽 劳 , 犹 苦 卓 。
Although they toiled with their bodies, they were nevertheless remarkable for their application.
sū lǎo quán , èr shí qī 。
苏 老 泉 , 二 十 七 。
Su Lao-ch' ü an, at the age of twenty-seven,
shǐ fā fèn , dú shū jí 。
始 发 愤 , 读 书 籍 。
at last began to show his energy and devote himself to the study of books.
bǐ jì lǎo , yóu huǐ chí 。
彼 既 老 , 犹 悔 迟 。
Then, when already past the age, he deeply regretted his delay.
ěr xiǎo shēnɡ , yí zǎo sī 。
尔 小 生 , 宜 早 思 。
You little boys should take thought betimes.
ruò liánɡ hào , bā shí èr 。
若 梁 灏 , 八 十 二 。
Then there was Liang Hao, who at the age of eighty-two,
duì dà tínɡ , kuí duō shì 。
对 大 廷 , 魁 多 士 。
made his replies in the great hall, and came out first among many scholars.
bǐ jì chénɡ , zhònɡ chēnɡ yì 。
彼 既 成 , 众 称 异 。
When thus late he had succeeded, all men pronounced him a prodigy.
ěr xiǎo shēnɡ , yí lì zhì 。
尔 小 生 , 宜 立 志 。
You little boys should make up your minds to work.
yínɡ bá suì , nénɡ yǒnɡ shī 。
莹 八 岁 , 能 咏 诗 。
Jung at eight years of age, could compose poetry.
mì qí suì , nénɡ fù qí 。
泌 七 岁 , 能 赋 棋 。
Pi, at seven years of age, could make an epigram on "wei-ch'i".
bǐ yǐnɡ wù , rén chēnɡ qí 。
彼 颖 悟 , 人 称 奇 。
These youths were quick of apprehension, and people declared them to be prodigies.
ěr yòu xué , dānɡ xiào zhī 。
尔 幼 学 , 当 效 之 。
You young learners ought to imitate them.
cài wén jī , nénɡ biàn qín 。
蔡 文 姬 , 能 辨 琴 。
Ts'ai W ê n-chi was able to judge from the sound of a psaltery.
xiè dào yùn , nénɡ yǒnɡ yín 。
谢 道 韫 , 能 咏 吟 。
Hsieh Tao-y ü n was able to compose verses.
bǐ nǘ zǐ , qiě cōnɡ mǐn 。
彼 女 子 , 且 聪 敏 。
They were only girls, yet they were quick and clever.
ěr nán zǐ , dānɡ zì jǐnɡ 。
尔 男 子 , 当 自 警 。
You boys ought to rouse yourselves.
tánɡ liú yàn , fānɡ qí suì 。
唐 刘 晏 , 方 七 岁 。
Liu Yen of the T'ang dynasty, when only seven years of age,
jǔ shén tónɡ , zuò zhènɡ zì 。
举 神 童 , 作 正 字 。
was ranked as an "inspired child", and was appointed a Corrector of Texts.
bǐ suī yòu , shēn jǐ shì 。
彼 虽 幼 , 身 己 仕 。
He, although a child, was already in an official post.
ěr yòu xué , miǎn ér zhì 。
尔 幼 学 , 勉 而 致 。
You young learners strive to bring about a like result.
yǒu wéi zhě , yì ruò shì 。
有 为 者 , 亦 若 是 。
Those who work will also succeed as he did.
quǎn shǒu yè , jī sī chén 。
犬 守 夜 , 鸡 司 晨 。
The dog keeps guard by night; the cock proclaims the dawn.
ɡǒu bù xué , hé wéi rén 。
苟 不 学 , 曷 为 人 。
If foolishly you do not study, how can you become men?
cán tǔ sī , fēnɡ niànɡ mì 。
蚕 吐 丝 , 蜂 酿 蜜 。
The silkworm produces silk, the bee makes honey.
rén bù xué , bù rú wù 。
人 不 学 , 不 如 物 。
If man does not learn, he is not equal to the brutes.
yòu ér xué , zhuànɡ ér xínɡ 。
幼 而 学 , 壮 而 行 。
Learn while young, and when grown up apply what you have learnt;
shànɡ zhì jūn , xià zé mín 。
上 致 君 , 下 泽 民 。
influencing the sovereign above; benefiting the people below.
yánɡ mínɡ shēnɡ , xiǎn fù mǔ 。
扬 名 声 , 显 父 母 。
Make a name for yourselves, and glorify your father and mother,
ɡuānɡ yú qián , yù yú hòu 。
光 于 前 , 裕 于 后 。
shed lustre on your ancestors, enrich your posterity.
rén yí zǐ , jīn mǎn yínɡ 。
人 遗 子 , 金 满 嬴 。
Men bequeath to their children coffers of gold;
wǒ jiào zǐ , wéi yì jīnɡ 。
我 教 子 , 惟 一 经 。
I teach you children, only this book.
qín yǒu ɡōnɡ , xì wú yì 。
勤 有 功 , 戏 无 益 。
Diligence has its reward; play has no advantages,
jiè zhī zāi , yí miǎn lì 。
戒 之 哉 , 宜 勉 力 。
Oh, be on your guard, and put forth your strength.