Monday, May 26, 2014

San Zi Jing

《三字经》


rén zhī chū , xìnɡ běn shàn 。
人  之  初  , 性   本  善   。
At birth, men are good in nature.

xìnɡ xiānɡ jìn , xí xiānɡ yuǎn 。
性   相    近  , 习 相    远   。
Though their natures are much the same; their habits become widely different.

ɡǒu bù jiāo , xìnɡ nǎi qiān 。
苟  不 教   , 性   乃  迁   。
If there is no teaching, the nature will deteriorate.

jiāo zhī dào , ɡuì yǐ zhuān 。
教   之  道  , 贵  以 专    。
The right way in teaching, is to give the utmost importance to thoroughness.

xī mènɡ mǔ , zé lín chù 。
昔 孟   母 , 择 邻  处  。
Long ago, the mother of Mencius chose a neighborhood;

zǐ bù xué , duàn jī zhù 。
子 不 学  , 断   机 杼  。
and when her child would not learn, she broke the shuttle from the loom.

dòu yàn shān , yǒu yì fānɡ 。
窦  燕  山   , 有  义 方   。
Tou of the Swallow Hills had the right method.

jiāo wǔ zǐ , mínɡ jù yánɡ 。
教   五 子 , 名   俱 扬   。
He taught five sons, each of them raised the family reputation.

yǎnɡ bù jiāo , fù zhī ɡuò 。
养   不 教   , 父 之  过  。
To give birth without teaching is the father's fault.

jiāo bù yán , shī zhī duò 。
教   不 严  , 师  之  惰  。
To teach without severity is the teacher's laziness.

zǐ bù xué , fēi suǒ yí 。
子 不 学  , 非  所  宜 。
If the child does not learn, this is not the way it should be.

yòu bù xué , lǎo hé wéi 。
幼  不 学  , 老  何 为  。
If he does not learn while young, what will he be doing when old?

yù bù zhuó , bù chénɡ qì 。
玉 不 琢   , 不 成    器 。
If jade is not polished, it cannot become a thing of use.

rén bù xué , bù zhī yì 。
人  不 学  , 不 知  义 。
If a man does not learn, he cannot know his duty towards his neighbor.

wéi rén zǐ , fānɡ shǎo shí 。
为  人  子 , 方   少   时  。
He who is the son of a man, when he is young

qīn shī yǒu , xí lǐ yí 。
亲  师  友  , 习 礼 仪 。
should attach himself to his teachers and friends, and practice good manner.

xiānɡ jiǔ línɡ , nénɡ wēn xí 。
香    九  龄   , 能   温  席 。
Hsiang, at nine years of age, could warm (his parents') bed.

xiào yú qīn , suǒ dānɡ zhí 。
孝   于 亲  , 所  当   执  。
Filial piety towards parents, is that to which we should hold fast.

rónɡ sì suì , nénɡ rànɡ lí 。
融   四 岁  , 能   让   梨 。
Jung, at four years of age, could yield from the (bigger) pears.

dì yú chánɡ , yí xiān zhī 。
弟 于 长    , 宜 先   知  。
To behave as a younger brother towards elders, is one of the first things to know.

shǒu xiào dì , cì jiàn wén 。
首   孝   弟 , 次 见   闻  。
Begin with filial piety and fraternal love, and then see and hear .

zhī mǒu shù , shí mǒu wén 。
知  某  数  , 识  某  文  。
Learn to count, and learn to read.

yì ér shí , shí ér bǎi 。
一 而 十  , 十  而 百  。
Start from one and then tens, from tens and then hundreds,

bǎi ér qiān , qiān ér wàn 。
百  而 千   , 千   而 万  。
hundreds and then thousands, thousands and then tens of thousands.

sān cái zhě , tiān dì rén 。
三  才  者  , 天   地 人  。
The Three Forces are Heaven, Earth, and Man.

sān ɡuānɡ zhě , rì yuè xīnɡ 。
三  光    者  , 日 月  星   。
The Three Luminaries are the sun, the moon and the stars.

sān ɡānɡ zhě , jūn chén yì 。
三  纲   者  , 君  臣   义 。
The Three Bonds are (1) the obligation between sovereign and subject,

fù zǐ qīn , fū fù shùn 。
父 子 亲  , 夫 妇 顺   。
(2) the love between father and child, (3) the harmony between husband and wife.

yuē chūn xià , yuē qiū dōnɡ 。
曰  春   夏  , 曰  秋  冬   。
We speak of spring and summer, we speak of autumn and winter.

cǐ sì shí , yùn bù qiónɡ 。
此 四 时  , 运  不 穷    。
These four seasons revolve endlessly.

yuē nán běi , yuē xī dōnɡ 。
曰  南  北  , 曰  西 东   。
We speak of north and south, we speak of east and west.

cǐ sì fānɡ , yīnɡ hū zhōnɡ 。
此 四 方   , 应   乎 中    。
These four points respond to the requirements of the center.

yuē shuí huǒ , mù jīn tǔ 。
曰  水   火  , 木 金  土 。
We speak of water, fire, wood, metal and earth.

cǐ wǔ xínɡ , běn hū shù 。
此 五 行   , 本  乎 数  。
These five elements have their origin in number.

yuē rén yì , lǐ zhì xìn 。
曰  仁  义 , 礼 智  信  。
We speak of charity of heart and of duty towards one's neighbor, of propriety, of wisdom, and of truth.

cǐ wǔ chánɡ , bù rónɡ wěn 。
此 五 常    , 不 容   紊  。
These five virtues admit of no compromise.

dào liánɡ shū , mài shǔ jì 。
稻  粱    菽  , 麦  黍  稷 。
Rice, spiked millet, pulse, wheat, glutinous millet and common millet.

cǐ liù ɡǔ , rén suǒ shí 。
此 六  谷 , 人  所  食  。
These six grains are those which men eat.

mǎ niú yánɡ , jī quǎn shǐ 。
马 牛  羊   , 鸡 犬   豕  。
The horse, the ox, the sheep, the fowl, the dog, the pig.

cǐ liù chù , rén suǒ sì 。
此 六  畜  , 人  所  饲 。
These six animals are those which men keep.

wéi niú quǎn , ɡōnɡ zuì zhù 。
惟  牛  犬   , 功   最  著  。
Especially of the ox and dog is the merit most conspicuous;

nénɡ ɡēnɡ tián , nénɡ shǒu hù 。
能   耕   田   , 能   守   户 。
one can plough the fields, the other can guard the house.

mèi tiān liánɡ , tú shì sì 。
昧  天   良    , 屠 市  肆 。
It is to obscure your natural goodness of disposition, to kill them and expose them for sale.

jiè wù shí , miǎn zuì chù 。
戒  物 食  , 免   罪  处  。
Beware of eating them, and so avoid being punished.

yuē xǐ nù , yuē āi jù 。
曰  喜 怒 , 曰  哀 惧 。
We speak of joy and anger, we speak of sadness and fear,

ài è  yù , qī qínɡ jù 。
爱 恶 欲 , 七 情   具 。
of love, of hate, and of desire. There are seven emotions.

páo tǔ ɡé , mù shí jīn 。
匏  土 革 , 木 石  金  。
The gourd, earthenware, skin, wood, stone, metal,

yǔ sī zhú , nǎi bā yīn 。
与 丝 竹  , 乃  八 音  。
silk, and bamboo, yield the eight musical sounds.

ɡāo zēnɡ zǔ ,fù ér shēn 。
高  曾   祖 , 父 而 身   。
Great great grandfather, great grandfather, grandfather, father and oneself,

shēn ér zǐ , zǐ ér sūn 。
身  而 子 , 子 而 孙  。
self to son, and son to grandson,

zì zǐ sūn , zhì yuán cénɡ 。
自 子 孙  , 至  元   曾   。
from son and grandson, on to great grandson and great great grandson.

nǎi jiǔ zú , ér zhī lún 。
乃  九  族 , 而 之  伦  。
These are the nine agnates, constituting the kinships of man.

fù zǐ ēn , fū fù cónɡ 。
父 子 恩 , 夫 妇 从   。
Affection between father and child, harmony between husband and wife,

xiōnɡ zé yǒu ,dì zé ɡōnɡ 。
兄    则 友  , 弟 则 恭   。
friendliness on the part of elder brothers, respectfulness on the part of younger brothers,

zhǎnɡ yòu xù ,yǒu yǔ pénɡ 。
长    幼  序 , 友  与 朋   。
precedence between elders and youngers, as between friend and friend,

jūn zé jìnɡ , chén zé zhōnɡ 。
君  则 敬   , 臣   则 忠    。
respect on the part of the sovereign, loyalty on the part of the subject.

cǐ shí yì , rén suǒ tónɡ 。
此 十  义 , 人  所  同   。
These ten obligations are common to all men.

fán xùn ménɡ ,xū jiǎnɡ jiū 。
凡  训   蒙   ,  须 讲    究  。
In the education of the young, there should be explanation and elucidation,

xiánɡ xùn ɡǔ ,mínɡ jù dòu 。
详    训  诂 ,  名    句  读  。
careful teaching of the interpretations of commentators, and due attention to paragraphs and sentences.

wéi xué zhě , bì yǒu chū 。
为  学  者  , 必 有  初  。
Those who are learners must have a beginning.

xiǎo xué zhōnɡ , zhì sì shū 。
小   学  终    , 至  四 书  。
By the end of primary school, they proceed to the "Four Books".

lún yǔ zhě , èr shí piān 。
论  语 者  , 二 十  篇   。
There is the Lun Yü , in twenty sections.

qún dì zǐ , jì shàn yán 。
群  弟 子 , 记 善   言  。
In this, all students have memorized the wise sayings of Confucius.

mènɡ zǐ zhě ,qī piān zhǐ 。
孟   子 者  , 七 篇   止  。
The works of Mencius are comprised in seven sections.

jiǎnɡ dào dé , shuō rén yì 。
讲    道  德 , 说   仁  义 。
These explain the WAY and the exemplification thereof, and expound charity and duty towards one's neighbour.

zuò zhōnɡ yōnɡ , zǐ sī bǐ 。
作  中    庸   , 子 思 笔 。
The "Chung Yung" was written by the pen of Tzu-Ssu;

zhōnɡ bù piān ,yōnɡ bú yì 。
中    不  偏   ,  庸   不 易 。
"Chung" (the middle) being that which does not lean towards any side, "Yung" (the course) being that which cannot be changed.

zuò dà xué , nǎi cénɡ zǐ 。
作  大 学  , 乃  曾   子 。
He who wrote "The Great Learning" was the philosopher Tsêng.

zì xiū qí , zhì pínɡ zhì 。
自 修  齐 , 至  平   治  。
Beginning with cultivation of the individual and ordering of the family, it goes on to government of one's own State and tranquillisation of the Empire.

xiào jīnɡ tōnɡ , sì shū shú 。
孝   经   通   , 四 书  熟  。
When the "Classic of Filial Piety" is mastered, and the "Four Books" are known by heart.

rú liù jīnɡ , shǐ kě dú 。
如 六  经   , 始  可 读 。
The next step is to the "Six Classics", which may now be studied.

shī shū yì , lǐ chūn qiū 。
诗  书  易 , 礼 春   秋  。
The "Books of Poetry", of "History" and of "Changes", the "Rites of the Chou Dynasty", the "Book of Rites", and the "Spring and Autumn Annals",

hào liù jīnɡ , dānɡ jiǎnɡ qiú 。
号  六  经   , 当   讲    求  。
So called the Six Classics, which should be carefully explained and analysed.

yǒu lián shān , yǒu ɡuī cánɡ 。
有  连   山   , 有  归  藏   。
There is the "Lien shan" system, there is the "Kuei tsang",

yǒu zhōu yì , sān yì xiánɡ 。
有  周   易 , 三  易 详    。
and there is the system of Changes of the Chou Dynasty; such are the three systems which elucidate the Changes.

yǒu diǎn mó , yǒu xùn ɡào 。
有  典   谟 , 有  训  诰  。
There are the Regulations, the Counsels, the Instructions, the Announcements,

yǒu shì mìnɡ , shū zhī ào 。
有  誓  命   , 书  之  奥 。
the Oaths, the Charges; these are the profundities of the Book of History.

wǒ zhōu ɡōnɡ ,zuò zhōu lǐ 。
我  周   公   ,  作  周   礼 。
Our Duke of Chou drew up the Ritual of the Chou Dynasty,

zhù liù ɡuān , cún zhì tǐ 。
著  六  官   , 存  治  体 。
in which he set forth the duties of the six classes of officials, and thus gave a settled form to the government.

dà xiǎo dài , zhù lǐ jì 。
大 小   戴  , 注  礼 记 。
The Elder and the Younger Tai wrote commentaries on the Book of Rites.

shù shènɡ yán , lǐ lè bèi 。
述  圣    言  , 礼 乐 备  。
They published the holy words, and Ceremonies and Music were set in order.

yuē ɡuó fēnɡ , yuē yǎ sònɡ 。
曰  国  风   , 曰  雅 颂   。
We speak of the "Kuo feng", we speak of the "Ya" and of the "Sung".

hào sì shī , dānɡ fěnɡ yǒnɡ 。
号  四 诗  , 当   讽   咏   。
These are the four sections of the Book of Poetry, which should be hummed over and over.

shī jì wánɡ , chūn qiū zuò 。
诗  既 亡   , 春   秋  作  。
When odes ceased to be made, the "Spring and Autumn Annals" were produced.

yù bāo biǎn , bié shàn è  。
寓 褒  贬   , 别  善   恶 。
It contains praise and blame, and distinguishes the good from the bad.

sān chuán zhě , yǒu ɡōnɡ yánɡ 。
三  传    者  , 有  公   羊   。
The three commentaries upon the above, include that of Kung-Yang,

yǒu zuǒ shì , yǒu ɡòu liánɡ 。
有  左  氏  , 有  彀  梁    。
that of Tso, and that of Ku-Liang.

jīnɡ jì mínɡ , fānɡ dú zǐ 。
经   既 明   , 方   读 子 。
When the classics are understood, then the writings of the various philosophers should be read.

cuō qí yào , jì qí shì 。
撮  其 要  , 记 其 事  。
Pick out the important points in each, and take a note of all facts.

wǔ zǐ zhě , yǒu xún yánɡ 。
五 子 者  , 有  荀  杨   。
The five chief philosophers are Hsün, Yang,

wén zhōnɡ zǐ , jí lǎo zhuānɡ 。
文  中    子 , 及 老  庄     。
Wên Chung Tzu, Lao Tzu and Chuang Tzu.

jīnɡ zǐ tōnɡ , dú zhū shǐ 。
经   子 通   , 读 诸  史  。
When the Classics and the Philosophers are mastered, the various histories should then be read,

kǎo shì xì , zhī zhōnɡ shǐ 。
考  世  系 , 知  终    始  。
and the genealogical connections should be examined, so that the end of one dynasty and the beginning of the next may be known.

zì xī nónɡ , zhì huánɡ dì 。
自 羲 农   , 至  黄    帝 。
From Fu Hsi and Shên Nung on to the Yellow Emperor, --

hào sān huánɡ ,jū shànɡ shì 。
号   三   皇    ,  居 上    世  。
these are called the Three Rulers, who lived in the early ages.

tánɡ yǒu yú , hào èr dì 。
唐   有  虞 , 号  二 帝 。
T'ang and Yu-Y ü   are called the Two Emperors.

xiānɡ yī xùn , chēnɡ shènɡ shì 。
相    揖 逊  , 称    盛    世  。
They abdicated, one after the other, and theirs was called the Golden Age.

xià yǒu yǔ , shānɡ yǒu tānɡ 。
夏  有  禹 , 商    有  汤   。
The Hsia dynasty had Y ü  ; and the Shang dynasty had T'ang;

zhōu wén wǔ , chēnɡ sān wánɡ 。
周   文  武 , 称    三  王   。
the Chou dynasty had W ê n and Wu;-- these are called the Three Kings.

xià chuán zǐ , jiā tiān xià 。
夏  传    子 , 家  天   下  。
Under the Hsia dynasty the throne was transmitted from father to son, making a family possession of the empire.

sì bǎi zǎi , qiān xià shè 。
四 百  载  , 迁   夏  社  。
After four hundred years, the Imperial sacrifice passed from the House of Hsia.

tānɡ fá xià , ɡuó hào shānɡ 。
汤   伐 夏  , 国  号  商    。
T'ang the completer destroyed the Hsia Dynasty and the dynastic title became Shang.

liù bǎi zǎi , zhì zhòu wánɡ 。
六  百  载  , 至  纣   亡   。
The line lasted for six hundred years, ending with Chou Hsin.

zhōu wǔ wánɡ , shǐ zhū zhòu 。
周   武 王   , 始  诛  纣   。
King Wu of the Chou Dynasty finally slew Chou Hsin.

bā bǎi zǎi , zuì chánɡ jiǔ 。
八 百  载  , 最  长    久  。
His own line lasted for eight hundred years; -- the longest dynasty of all.

zhōu zhé dōnɡ , wánɡ ɡānɡ duò 。
周   辙  东   , 王   纲   堕  。
When the Chous made tracks eastwards, the feudal bond was slackened;

chěnɡ ɡān ɡē , shànɡ yóu shuì 。
逞    干  戈 , 尚    游  说   。
the arbitrament of spear and shields prevailed; and peripatetic politicians were held in high esteem.

shǐ chūn qiū , zhōnɡ zhàn ɡuó 。
始  春   秋  , 终    战   国  。
This period began with the Spring and Autumn Epoch, and ended with that of the Warring States.

wǔ bà qiánɡ , qī xiónɡ chū 。
五 霸 强    , 七 雄    出  。
Next, the Five Chieftains domineered, and the Seven Martial States came to the front.

yínɡ qín shì , shǐ jiān bìnɡ 。
嬴   秦  氏  , 始  兼   并   。
Then the House of Ch'in, descended from the Ying clan, finally united all the States under one sway.

chuán èr shì , chǔ hàn zhēnɡ 。
传    二 世  , 楚  汉  争    。
The throne was transmitted to Erh Shih, upon which followed the struggle between the Ch'u and the Han States.
ɡāo zǔ xìnɡ , hàn yè jiàn 。
高  祖 兴   , 汉  业 建   。
Then Kao Tsu arose, and the House of Han was established.

zhì xiào pínɡ , wánɡ mǎnɡ cuàn 。
至  孝   平   , 王   莽   篡   。
When we come to the reign of Hsiao P'ing, Wang Mang usurped the throne.

ɡuānɡ wǔ xìnɡ , wéi dōnɡ hàn 。
光    武 兴   , 为  东   汉  。
Then Kuang Wu arose, and founded the Eastern Han Dynasty.

sì bǎi nián , zhōnɡ yú xiàn 。
四 百  年   , 终    于 献   。
It lasted four hundred years, and ended with the Emperor Hsien.

wèi shǔ wú , zhēnɡ hàn dǐnɡ 。
魏  蜀  吴 , 争    汉  鼎   。
Wei, Shu, and Wu, fought for the sovereignty of the Hans.

hào sān ɡuó , qì liǎnɡ jìn 。
号  三  国  , 迄 两    晋  。
They were called the Three Kingdoms, and existed until the Two Chin Dynasties.

sònɡ qí jì , liánɡ chén chénɡ 。
宋   齐 继 , 梁    陈   承    。
Then followed the Sung and the Ch'i dynasties, and after them the Liang and Ch' ê n dynasties

wéi nán cháo , dōu jīn línɡ 。
为  南  朝   , 都  金  陵   。
These are the southern dynasties, with their capital at Nanking.

běi yuán wèi , fēn dōnɡ xi 。
北  元   魏  , 分  东   西 。
The northern dynasties are the Wei dynasty of the Yü  an family, which split into Eastern and Western Wei,

yǔ wén zhōu , xìnɡ ɡāo qí 。
宇 文  周   , 兴   高  齐 。
the Chou dynasty of the Y ü  -wen family, with the Ch'i dynasty of the Kao family.

dài zhì suí , yì tǔ yǔ 。
迨  至  隋  , 一 土 宇 。
At length, under the Sui dynasty, the empire was united under one ruler.

bú zài chuán , shī tǒnɡ xù 。
不 再  传    , 失  统   绪 。
The throne was not transmitted twice, succession to power being lost.

tánɡ ɡāo zǔ , qǐ yì shī 。
唐   高  祖 , 起 义 师  。
The first Emperor of the T'ang dynasty raised volunteer troops.

chú suí luàn , chuànɡ ɡuó jī 。
除  隋  乱   , 创     国  基 。
He put an end to the disorder of the House of Sui, and established the foundations of his line.

èr shí chuán , sān bǎi zǎi 。
二 十  传    , 三  百  载  。
Twenty times the throne was transmitted in a period of three hundred years.

liánɡ miè zhī , ɡuó nǎi ɡǎi 。
梁    灭  之  , 国  乃  改  。
The Liang State destroyed it, and the dynastic title was changed.

liánɡ tánɡ jìn , jí hàn zhōu 。
梁    唐   晋  , 及 汉  周   。
The Liang, the T'ang, the Chin, the Han, and the Chou,

chēnɡ wǔ dài , jiē yǒu yóu 。
称    五 代  , 皆  有  由  。
are called the Five Dynasties, and there was a reason for the establishment of each.

yán sònɡ xìnɡ , shòu zhōu chán 。
炎  宋   兴   , 受   周   禅   。
Then the fire-led House of Sung arose, and received the resignation of the house of Chou.

shí bā chuán , nán běi hún 。
十  八 传    , 南  北  混  。
Eighteen times the throne was transmitted, and then the north and the south were reunited.

liáo yǔ jīn , dì hào fēn 。
辽   与 金  , 帝 号  纷  。
Under the Liao and the Chin dynasties, there was confusion of Imperial titles;

dǎi miè liáo , sònɡ yóu cún 。
逮  灭  辽   , 宋   犹  存  。
when the Liao dynasty was destroyed, the Sung dynasty still remained.

zhì yuán xìnɡ , jīn xù xiē 。
至  元   兴   , 金  绪 歇  。
When the Y ü  an dynasty arose, the line of the Chin Tartars came to an end,

yǒu sònɡ shì , yì tónɡ miè 。
有  宋   世  , 一 同   灭  。
and the House of Sung was destroyed together with it.

bìnɡ zhōnɡ ɡuó , jiān rónɡ zhái 。
并   中    国  , 兼   戎   翟   。
It united the Middle Kingdom, and attached to the empire the tribes of the north and west.

mínɡ tài zǔ , jiǔ qīn shī 。
明   太  祖 , 久  亲  师  。
The founder of the Ming dynasty was for a long time engaged in warfare.

chuán jiàn wén , fānɡ sì sì 。
传    建   文  , 方   四 祀 。
He transmitted the throne to Chien W ê n only four years,

qiān běi jīnɡ , yǒnɡ lè sì 。
迁   北  京   , 永   乐 嗣 。
when the capital was transferred to Peking, and Yung Lo succeeded the latter.

dǎi chónɡ zhēn , méi shān shì 。
逮  崇    祯   , 煤  山   逝  。
At length Ch'ung Ch ê ng died on the Coal Hill.

liáo yú jīn , jiē chēnɡ dì 。
辽   于 金  , 皆  称    帝 。
The Liao Tartars and the Chin Tartars all took the Imperial title.

yuán miè jīn , jué sònɡ shì 。
元   灭  金  , 绝  宋   世  。
The Y ü  ans (Mongols) destroyed the Chin Tartars, and put an end to the House of Sung.

lì zhōnɡ ɡuó , jiān rónɡ zhái 。
莅 中    国  , 兼   戎   翟   。
They governed the Middle Kingdom, and also the wild tribes of the north and west;

jiǔ shí nián , ɡuó zuò fèi 。
九  十  年   , 国  祚  废  。
after ninety years their mandate was exhausted.

tài zǔ xìnɡ , ɡuó dà mínɡ 。
太  祖 兴   , 国  大 明   。
Then T'ai Tsu arose, his dynasty being known as Ta Ming.

hào hónɡ wǔ , dōu jīn línɡ 。
号  洪   武 , 都  金  陵   。
He took as his year-title Hung Wu, and fixed his capital at Chin-ling (Nanking).

dǎi chénɡ zǔ , qiān yàn jīnɡ 。
逮  成    祖 , 迁   燕  京   。
At length, under the Emperor Ch' ê ng Tsu, a move was made to Swallow City (Peking).

shí qí shì , zhì chónɡ zhēn 。
十  七 世  , 至  崇    祯   。
There were seventeen reigns in all, down to and including Ch'ung Ch ê ng.

quán yǎn sì , kòu rú lín 。
权   奄  肆 , 寇  如 林  。
The hold on the people was relaxed, and rebels sprang up thick as forests.

zhì lǐ chuǎnɡ , shén qì zhōnɡ 。
至  李 闯     , 神   器 终    。
Then came Li Ch'uang, and the Imperial regalia were destroyed.

qīnɡ tài zǔ , yìnɡ jǐnɡ mìnɡ 。
清   太  祖 , 应   景   命   。
The founder of the Ch'ing or Pure dynasty responded to the glorious summons;

jìnɡ sì fānɡ , kè dà dìnɡ 。
靖   四 方   , 克 大 定   。
he tranquillised the four quarters (N.S.E. and W.), and achieved the final settlement of the empire.

niàn èr shǐ , quán zài zī 。
廿   二 史  , 全   在  兹 。
The Twenty-two Dynastic Histories are all embraced in the above.

zǎi zhì luàn , zhī xīnɡ shuāi 。
载  治  乱   , 知  兴   衰    。
They contain examples of good and bad government, whence may be learnt the principles of prosperity and decay.

dú shǐ shū , kǎo shí lù 。
读 史  书  , 考  实  录 。
Ye who read history must study the State Annals,

tōnɡ ɡǔ jīn , ruò qīn mù 。
通   古 今  , 若  亲  目 。
whereby you will understand ancient and modern events, as though having seen them with your own eyes.

kǒu ér sònɡ , xīn ér wéi 。
口  而 诵   , 心  而 惟  。
Recite them with the mouth, and ponder over them in your hearts.

cháo yú sī , xī yú sī 。
朝   于 斯 , 夕 于 斯 。
Do this in the morning; do this in the evening.

xī zhònɡ ní , shī xiànɡ tuó 。
昔 仲    尼 , 师  项    橐  。
Of old, Confucius took Hsiang T'o for his teacher.

ɡǔ shènɡ xián , shànɡ qín xué 。
古 圣    贤   , 尚    勤  学  。
The inspired men and sages of old studied diligently nevertheless.

zhào zhōnɡ lìnɡ , dú lǔ lùn 。
赵   中    令   , 读 鲁 论  。
Chao, President of the Council, studied the Lu text of the "Lun Y ü  ".

bǐ jì shì , xué qiě qín 。
彼 既 仕  , 学  且  勤  。
He, when already an official, studied, and moreover with diligence.

pī pú biān , xuē zhú jiǎn 。
披 蒲 编   , 削  竹  简   。
One opened out rushes and plaited them together; another scraped tablets of bamboo.

bǐ wú shū , qiě zhī miǎn 。
彼 无 书  , 且  知  勉   。
These men had no books, but they knew how to make an effort.

tóu xuán liánɡ , zhuī cì ɡǔ 。
头  悬   梁    , 锥   刺 股 。
One tied his head to the beam above him; another pricked his thigh with an awl.

bǐ bù jiāo , zì qín kǔ 。
彼 不 教   , 自 勤  苦 。
They were not taught, but toiled hard of their own accord.

rú nánɡ yínɡ , rú yìnɡ xuě 。
如 囊   萤   , 如 映   雪  。
Then we have one who put fireflies in a bag, and again another who used the white glare from snow.

jiā suī pín , xué bú zhuì 。
家  虽  贫  , 学  不 缀   。
Although their families were poor, these men studied unceasingly.

rú fù xīn , rú ɡuà jiǎo 。
如 负 薪  , 如 挂  角   。
Again, there was one who carried fuel, and another who used horns as pegs.

shēn suī láo , yóu kǔ zhuó 。
身   虽  劳  , 犹  苦 卓   。
Although they toiled with their bodies, they were nevertheless remarkable for their application.

sū lǎo quán , èr shí qī 。
苏 老  泉   , 二 十  七 。
Su Lao-ch' ü  an, at the age of twenty-seven,

shǐ fā fèn , dú shū jí 。
始  发 愤  , 读 书  籍 。
at last began to show his energy and devote himself to the study of books.

bǐ jì lǎo , yóu huǐ chí 。
彼 既 老  , 犹  悔  迟  。
Then, when already past the age, he deeply regretted his delay.

ěr xiǎo shēnɡ , yí zǎo sī 。
尔 小   生    , 宜 早  思 。
You little boys should take thought betimes.

ruò liánɡ hào , bā shí èr 。
若  梁    灏  , 八 十  二 。
Then there was Liang Hao, who at the age of eighty-two,

duì dà tínɡ , kuí duō shì 。
对  大 廷   , 魁  多  士  。
made his replies in the great hall, and came out first among many scholars.

bǐ jì chénɡ , zhònɡ chēnɡ yì 。
彼 既 成    , 众    称    异 。
When thus late he had succeeded, all men pronounced him a prodigy.

ěr xiǎo shēnɡ , yí lì zhì 。
尔 小   生    , 宜 立 志  。
You little boys should make up your minds to work.

yínɡ bá suì , nénɡ yǒnɡ shī 。
莹   八 岁  , 能   咏   诗  。
Jung at eight years of age, could compose poetry.

mì qí suì , nénɡ fù qí 。
泌 七 岁  , 能   赋 棋 。
Pi, at seven years of age, could make an epigram on "wei-ch'i".

bǐ yǐnɡ wù , rén chēnɡ qí 。
彼 颖   悟 , 人  称    奇 。
These youths were quick of apprehension, and people declared them to be prodigies.

ěr yòu xué , dānɡ xiào zhī 。
尔 幼  学  , 当   效   之  。
You young learners ought to imitate them.

cài wén jī , nénɡ biàn qín 。
蔡  文  姬 , 能   辨   琴  。
Ts'ai W ê n-chi was able to judge from the sound of a psaltery.

xiè dào yùn , nénɡ yǒnɡ yín 。
谢  道  韫  , 能   咏   吟  。
Hsieh Tao-y ü  n was able to compose verses.

bǐ nǘ zǐ , qiě cōnɡ mǐn 。
彼 女 子 , 且  聪   敏  。
They were only girls, yet they were quick and clever.

ěr nán zǐ , dānɡ zì jǐnɡ 。
尔 男  子 , 当   自 警   。
You boys ought to rouse yourselves.

tánɡ liú yàn , fānɡ qí suì 。
唐   刘  晏  , 方   七 岁  。
Liu Yen of the T'ang dynasty, when only seven years of age,

jǔ shén tónɡ , zuò zhènɡ zì 。
举 神   童   , 作  正    字 。
was ranked as an "inspired child", and was appointed a Corrector of Texts.

bǐ suī yòu , shēn jǐ shì 。
彼 虽  幼  , 身   己 仕  。
He, although a child, was already in an official post.

ěr yòu xué , miǎn ér zhì 。
尔 幼  学  , 勉   而 致  。
You young learners strive to bring about a like result.

yǒu wéi zhě , yì ruò shì 。
有  为  者  , 亦 若  是  。
Those who work will also succeed as he did.

quǎn shǒu yè , jī sī chén 。
犬   守   夜 , 鸡 司 晨   。
The dog keeps guard by night; the cock proclaims the dawn.

ɡǒu bù xué , hé wéi rén 。
苟  不 学  , 曷 为  人  。
If foolishly you do not study, how can you become men?

cán tǔ sī , fēnɡ niànɡ mì 。
蚕  吐 丝 , 蜂   酿    蜜 。
The silkworm produces silk, the bee makes honey.

rén bù xué , bù rú wù 。
人  不 学  , 不 如 物 。
If man does not learn, he is not equal to the brutes.

yòu ér xué , zhuànɡ ér xínɡ 。
幼  而 学  , 壮     而 行   。
Learn while young, and when grown up apply what you have learnt;

shànɡ zhì jūn , xià zé mín 。
上    致  君  , 下  泽 民  。
influencing the sovereign above; benefiting the people below.

yánɡ mínɡ shēnɡ , xiǎn fù mǔ 。
扬   名   声    , 显   父 母 。
Make a name for yourselves, and glorify your father and mother,

ɡuānɡ yú qián , yù yú hòu 。
光    于 前   , 裕 于 后  。
shed lustre on your ancestors, enrich your posterity.

rén yí zǐ , jīn mǎn yínɡ 。
人  遗 子 , 金  满  嬴   。
Men bequeath to their children coffers of gold;

wǒ jiào zǐ , wéi yì jīnɡ 。
我 教   子 , 惟  一 经   。
I teach you children, only this book.

qín yǒu ɡōnɡ , xì wú yì 。
勤  有  功   , 戏 无 益 。
Diligence has its reward; play has no advantages,

jiè zhī zāi , yí miǎn lì 。
戒  之  哉  , 宜 勉   力 。
Oh, be on your guard, and put forth your strength.